Clinical Presentations and Outcome of Cardiovascular Disorders Seen in The Emergency Department of a Private Cardiac Center in Port Harcourt, South-South Nigeria
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular emergencies are sudden and require immediate action, posing a significant public health challenge, especially in low-income settings. To effectively control cardiovascular disease (CVD) and reduce deaths from cardiovascular emergencies, data-driven decision-making is necessary. Hence, this study aims to describe the pattern of clinical presentations and outcomes of cardiovascular disorders seen in a private cardiac center in Port Harcourt.
Method: This retrospective cross-sectional study examines the Clinical Presentations and Outcome of Cardiovascular disorders at the emergency department of Goodheart Medical Consultants Hospital, South-South Nigeria, spanning three years (2019-2021). Emergency case records were retrieved, extracting pertinent data on patient socio-demographics, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes.
Results: A total of 1644 patients were admitted, averaging 54.75±18.53 years old, with ages ranging from 3 to 92 years. Among them, 607 (36.9%) were admitted for cardiovascular emergencies. Notably, cardiovascular diseases were more prevalent among females, constituting 314 (51.7%) compared to males, 293 (48.3%). The largest proportion of patients (41.2%) fell within the 61-80 age group. Heart failure accounted for the most common cardiovascular disease (41.9%), while heart block was the least frequent (0.5%). Of the admitted patients with cardiovascular diseases, 95.7% were discharged home, 2.6% died, and 1.6% were referred elsewhere.
Conclusions: The most common CVD was heart failure (41.9%), and was most prevalent between the ages of 41 and 80 thus, indicating that the risk of CVD increases with age. Heart failure also accounted for most occurrences of mortality, discharge and referral. Early detection and prompt management of CVD emergencies should be practiced.
Article Details
References
Pendhari SR, Chaudhari DR, Burute SR, Bite BM. A Study On the Drug Utilization Trends in the Cardiovascular Emergencies in A Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 Apr;7(4):666–70.
Vakade K, Thorat V, Khanwelkar C, Jadhav S, Sanghishetti V. A study of prescribing pattern of drugs in patients of cardiovascular emergencies at a tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;556–61.
Manga S, Leye M, Dioum M, Indafa Te Q, Mbacké Sarr EH, Diagne A, et al. Management of Cardiovascular Emergencies in Ziguinchor: Difficulties and Prospects in Semi - Urban Areas. About a Prospective Study at the Hospital de La Paix in Ziguinchor. Cardiol Vasc Res. 2018 Dec 30;2(4):1–4.
Nwafor CE, Alikor CA. Pattern of cardiovascular disease admissions in the medical wards of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: a retrospective review. Nigerian Health Journal [Internet]. 2016 Dec 13 [cited 2024 Jan 22];16(2). Available from: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/nhj/article/view/149482
Osuji CU, Onwubuya EI, Ahaneku GI, Omejua EG. Pattern of cardiovascular admissions at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, South East Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Feb 18;17:116.
Olufunke AM, Oloruntosin ON, Temilola AB, Damilola AO. Prevalence and outcome of cardiovascular disease among admitted patients in State Tertiary Health Facility, Southwest, Nigeria. Eu J of Bio and Med Sc Res. 2020;8:62–74.
Hasan SM, Khan HLR, Chowdhury AW, Sabah K, Ekram MR. Prevalence and Pattern of Cardiac Emergencies in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Crit Care J. 2013 Mar 30;1(1):23–6.
Gombet TR, Ellenga-Mbolla BF, Ikama MS, Ekoba J, Kimbally-Kaky G. Cost of emergency cardiovascular care at the University Hospital Center in Brazzaville, Congo. Médecine tropicale: Revue du Corps de santé colonial. 2009;69(1):45–7.
Kochanek KD, Xu J, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: preliminary data for 2009. National vital statistics reports: From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, national vital statistics system. 2011;59(4):1–51.
Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the Future of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011 Mar;123(8):933–44.
Hamadou B, Kalissou YT, Jingi AM, Amougou SN, Dikosso SE, Njouoguep R, et al. Clinical Presentations and Outcome of Cardiovascular Emergencies in Yaounde: A Cross-Sectional Study. World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2018;8(02):133.
Leal J, Luengo-Fernández R, Gray A, Petersen S, Rayner M. Economic burden of cardiovascular diseases in the enlarged European Union. European heart journal. 2006;27(13):1610–9.
Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, Ferlisi A, Pineo A, Putignano E, Belvedere M, et al. Ageing, lifestyle modifications, and cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 2006;10(2):143.
Oguanobi NI, Ejim EC, Onwubere BJ, Ike SO, Anisiuba BC, Ikeh VO, et al. Pattern of cardiovascular disease amongst medical admissions in a regional teaching hospital in Southeastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Cardiology. 2013 Dec;10(2):77.
Kabore J, Mounkaila FI, Yanogo PK, Laurent M, Otshudiandjeka JB, Meda N. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Emergencies in the Emergency Department of Niamey National Hospital. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE [Internet]. 2022 Apr 28 [cited 2024 Jan 23];23(5). Available from: http://hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/3641
Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B editors, Organization WH. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control [Internet]. World Health Organization; 2011 [cited 2024 Jan 23]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44701/9789244564370_rus.pdf
Radchidou H, Halle MP, Mapoure YN, Kamdem F, Dzudie A, Lekpa FK, et al. Age-Related Causes of Admissions and Outcome of Patients in a Medical Ward in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Cameroon. HEALTH SCIENCES AND DISEASE [Internet]. 2023 Aug 20 [cited 2024 Jan 23];24(8). Available from: http://www.hsd-fmsb.org/index.php/hsd/article/view/4640
Pancha OM, Tamanji MT, Mtsavara J, Bouagni LS, Ngoufack JO, Tchiegang C. Knowledge and Practice of Dietary Recommendations among Cardiovascular Disease Patients Attending Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, Adamawa Region, Cameroon. Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics. 2017;6:51–8.
Kingue S, Ngoe CN, Menanga AP, Jingi AM, Noubiap JJN, Fesuh B, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Urban Areas of Cameroon: A Nationwide Population‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study. J of Clinical Hypertension. 2015 Oct;17(10):819–24.
Akpa MR, Alasia DD, Altraide DD, Emem-Chioma PC, Wokoma IS. Profile and Outcome of Medical Emergencies in a Tertiary Health Institution in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The Nigerian Health Journal. 2013;13(1):48–48.
Bertrand E, Muna WF, Diouf SM, Ekra A, Kane A, Kingue S, et al. Cardiovascular emergencies in Subsaharan Africa. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux. 2006;99(12):1159–65.
Bhuchhada M, Guria A, Shukla P, Das Mandal S. A Study of The Drug Usage Pattern of Cardiovascular Diseases in A Cardiology Out- Patient Department in A Tertiary Care Hospital. NeuroQuantology. 2022 Nov 27;20:921.
Aigbokhaode AQ, Orhue NL, Ofili AN, Oseji M, Osiatuma VA, Ezunu EO, et al. Patterns of Clinical Presentation of COVID-19 Patients in Federal Medical Centre, Asaba, Nigeria. Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care. 2021;33(1):115–27.
Smith SM, Mensah GA. Population Aging and Implications for Epidemic Cardiovascular Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethnicity & Disease. 2003;13:77–80.
Ajayi EA, Ajayi OA, Adeoti OA, Raimi TH, Fadare JO, Dada SA, et al. A five-year review of the pattern and outcome of cardiovascular diseases admissions at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Cardiology. 2014;11(1):33–9.
Chibuike Eze Nwafor, Julius Edeogu, Rosemary Stanley, Blessing Enyichukwu, Jovita Agbamoro, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) (last). Prevalence, Patterns and Outcomes of Medical Emergencies in a Cardiac Center in Port Harcourt, Southern Nigeria, IJSR, Call for Papers, Online Journal. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) [Internet]. [cited 2024 Jan 30]; Available from: https://www.ijsr.net/
Ogah OS, Akinyemi RO, Adesemowo A, Ogbodo EI. A Two-Year Review of Medical Admissions at the Emergency Unit of a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility. African Journal of Biomedical Research. 2012;15(1):59–63.
Ogunmola OJ, Oladosu OY. Pattern and outcome of admissions in the medical wards of a tertiary health center in a rural community of Ekiti state, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine. 2014 Dec;13(4):195.
Ogun SA, Adelowo OO, Familoni OB, Jaiyesimi AE, Fakoya EA. Pattern and outcome of medical admissions at the Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu--a three year review. West Afr J Med. 2000 Oct 1;19(4):304–8.
Osuafor TO, Ele PU. The pattern of admissions in the medical wards of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi. Orient Journal of Medicine. 2004;16(1):11–5.
Ansa VO. Profile and outcome of cardiovascular admissions at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo-a five year review. Nigerian journal of clinical practice. 2008;11(1):22–4.
Ansa VO. Profile and outcome of cardiovascular admissions at the University Of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo - A five year review. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2008 Jun 24;11(1):22–4.
Sanderson JE, Tse TF. Heart failure: a global disease requiring a global response [Internet]. Vol. 89, Heart. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society; 2003 [cited 2024 Feb 8]. p. 585–6. Available from: https://heart.bmj.com/content/89/6/585.short